I dont know if you noticed, but there is a long-standing practice of critiquing penal substitution and justification by faith as overly "legal" or "forensic." From the Council of Trent to the New Perspective and the Emergent church, writers have dismissed both the doctrine that God would forensically declare sinners as "righteous" as a legal fiction, and the proposition that Jesus had to pay our penalty on the cross as beholden to Western legal categories.
















